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How to format references?

References should be added in each section of the site. For example, in study pages, there should be separate reference section for the "Why?", "How?", "Study design and conduct", and each "Result" section.


Ideally all references should be consistently formatted using the following style for articles:

Talikka, M. et al. The response of human nasal and bronchial organotypic tissue cultures to repeated whole cigarette smoke exposure.International journal of toxicology33, 506-517, (2014).

To help with formatting of references, you can use this Endnote style file when preparing "normal" text in Word, or this Endnote style file when preparing content in html format (to be pasted in the content box as html code).


Basically, the style has the following properties:

  1. Based on Nature reference style.
  2. When formatting or sorting anonymous work, leave author blank.
  3. Show the full range of pages (e.g., 123-125).
  4. Journal name format: Abbreviation 1.
  5. Create a bibliography for each section in Word; continue numbering or apply settings for disambiguation and repeated citations across sections.
  6. Citations:
    • (Author, Year)
    • Multiple citation separator: “;”
    • To differentiate ambiguous citations, add a letter after the year (e.g., 2000a, b)
    • Author list: if 3 or more authors, list the 1st author and abbreviate with “et al.”
    • Numbering: use ranges for consecutive citations (e.g., 1-3 or 1a-f)
    • Sort order: Author + Year + Title (same as bibliography)
  7. Bibliography:
    • Templates (normal version):
      • Generic: Author. in<i>Secondary Title</i>| Vol.Volume| <i>Tertiary Title</i>| (ed^(edsSecondary Author)|Pages| (|Publisher, Place Published, Year|)
      • Book: Author. <i>Title</i>|. Editionedn|, Vol.Volume| Pages (|Publisher|, Year|)|.
      • Book section: Author. in<i>Book Title</i>| Vol.Volume| <i>Series Title</i>| (ed^(edsEditor)| Ch.Chapter,|Pages| (|Publisher, Year|)|.
      • Computer program: Title `v.`Version (|Publisher|, Place Published|, Year|).
      • Conference proceedings: Author. in<i>Conference Name</i>.|Editionedn| (ed^(edsEditor)| Pages| (|Publisher|, Year Published|)|.
      • Electronic book: Author. Title|. Secondary Title|Volume|,Number of Pages|(Year)|. <a href="URL" target="_blank"><URL></a>
      • Journal article: Author <a href="URL" target="_blank">Title</a>|. <i>Journal</i>|<b>Volume</b>|,Pages|,doi:DOI| (Year)|.
      • Patent: Inventor. Title. CountrypatentPatent Number (Year)|.
      • Personal communication: Author. Title (Year)
      • Report: Author. Title. `Report No.`Report Number|, Pages (|Institution|, Place Published|, Year|)|.
      • Thesis: Author. <i>Title</i> Degreethesis|,University|,(Year)|.
      • Unpublished work: Author. <i>Title of Work</i> (|`Catalogue No.`Number|, Institution|, Place Published|, Year|)|.
      • Web page: Author. <i>Title</i>, <a href="URL" target="_blank"><URL></a>(Year)|.
    • Templates (HTML version):
      • Generic: Author. in<i>Secondary Title</i>| Vol.Volume| <i>Tertiary Title</i>| (ed^(edsSecondary Author)|Pages| (|Publisher, Place Published, Year|)
      • Book: Author. <i>Title</i>|. Editionedn|, Vol.Volume| Pages (|Publisher|, Year|)|.
      • Book section: Author. in<i>Book Title</i>| Vol.Volume| <i>Series Title</i>| (ed^(edsEditor)| Ch.Chapter,|Pages| (|Publisher, Year|)|.
      • Computer program: Title `v.`Version (|Publisher|, Place Published|, Year|).
      • Conference proceedings: Author. in<i>Conference Name</i>.|Editionedn| (ed^(edsEditor)| Pages| (|Publisher|, Year Published|)|.
      • Electronic book: Author. Title|. Secondary Title|Volume|,Number of Pages|(Year)|. <a href="URL" target="_blank"><URL></a>
      • Journal article: Author <a href="URL" target="_blank">Title</a>|. <i>Journal</i>|<b>Volume</b>|,Pages|,doi:DOI| (Year)|.
      • Patent: Inventor. Title. CountrypatentPatent Number (Year)|.
      • Personal communication: Author. Title (Year)
      • Report: Author. Title. `Report No.`Report Number|, Pages (|Institution|, Place Published|, Year|)|.
      • Thesis: Author. <i>Title</i> Degreethesis|,University|,(Year)|.
      • Unpublished work: Author. <i>Title of Work</i> (|`Catalogue No.`Number|, Institution|, Place Published|, Year|)|.
      • Web page: Author. <i>Title</i>, <a href="URL" target="_blank"><URL></a>(Year)|.Layout – for HTML version, start each reference with “<li class="citation">” and end each reference with “</li>” – (no Bibliography number)
  8. Sort order: Author + Year + Title
  9. Author separators:
    • 1 to 2: “,” between and “&” before last
    • 3 to 100: “,” between and “&” before last
  10. Abbreviated author list: if 3 or more authors, list the first 1 author and abbreviate with “et al.”
  11. Title capitalization: leave titles as entered